出埃及记第九章解经 / Exodus 9 — Bible Study Guide
2026-09-08出埃及记第9章主要记载第五灾、第六灾、第七灾：牲畜瘟疫、生疮、冰雹。
Exodus 9 mainly records the fifth, sixth, and seventh plagues: death of livestock, boils, and hail.
整章一个非常重要的主题是：神不仅要救以色列人，也要借着审判使埃及和列国知道祂是谁。
One major theme is this: God not only saves Israel, but through judgment He also makes Egypt and the nations know who He is.
② 背景和故事 — 5分钟
② Background and Story — 5 Minutes
前面法老已经多次看见神的大能。
Pharaoh has already seen God's power many times.
但是灾难一过去，他就再次刚硬自己的心。
But when a plague is removed, he hardens his heart again.
到了第9章，审判明显越来越严重。
In chapter 9, the judgments clearly become more serious.
前面的灾害主要影响生活环境，现在开始直接临到牲畜和人的身体。
Earlier plagues mainly affected daily life and the environment, but now they directly strike animals and human bodies.
然后，第七灾冰雹更进一步，开始严重破坏田地、庄稼、树木和生命。
Then the seventh plague, hail, goes further and seriously damages fields, crops, trees, and lives.
但神在审判中仍然给人警告和逃避审判的机会。
Yet even in judgment, God still gives warnings and a way to escape the coming judgment.
③ 重点经文和神学 — 15分钟
③ Key Verses and Theology — 15 Minutes
今天只抓三个重点。
Today we will focus on only three key points.
第一重点：神分别祂自己的百姓
Point 1: God Makes a Distinction for His People
出埃及记 9:4
Exodus 9:4
耶和华要分别以色列的牲畜和埃及的牲畜，凡属以色列人的，一样都不死。
But the LORD will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and that of Egypt, so that no animal belonging to the Israelites will die.
第二天事情果然发生。
The next day, it happened just as God had said.
出埃及记 9:6–7
Exodus 9:6–7
第二天，耶和华就行这事。埃及的牲畜几乎都死了，只是以色列人的牲畜，一个都没有死。法老打发人去看，谁知以色列人的牲畜连一个都没有死。法老的心却是固执，不容百姓去。
The next day the LORD did what he had said. The livestock of Egypt died, but not one animal belonging to the Israelites died. Pharaoh sent people to see what had happened. They found that not one of Israel’s animals had died. But Pharaoh was still stubborn, and he would not let the people go.
解经
Explanation
这里的重点不只是“以色列人比较幸运”。
The point is not that the Israelites were simply “more lucky.”
这是神主动的分别。
This is God's deliberate distinction.
同样的地区，同样的时间，却有完全不同的结果。
They were in the same land and the same time, yet the results were completely different.
神是在告诉法老：这不是自然灾害，而是我的审判。
God is telling Pharaoh: This is not simply a natural disaster. It is My judgment.
而且法老还特意派人调查。
Pharaoh even sent people to investigate.
调查结果证明神的话完全实现了。
The investigation confirmed that God's word had been fulfilled.
可是一个人即使看见证据，也不一定会悔改。
But even when a person sees evidence, he may still refuse to repent.
问题不是法老没有证据，而是法老不愿意顺服神。
Pharaoh's problem was not a lack of evidence. His problem was that he refused to submit to God.
一个需要注意的问题
An Important Question
这里说埃及的牲畜死了，为什么后面冰雹的时候又有牲畜？
If Egypt's livestock died here, why are there animals again during the hail plague?
9:6的表达可以理解为埃及遭受了极其严重的牲畜死亡，并不要求理解为埃及境内每一只动物绝对全部死亡。
The wording of 9:6 can be understood as an extremely severe destruction of Egyptian livestock, without requiring that every single animal in all Egypt died.
因此到了冰雹之灾，埃及仍然存在牲畜，并不构成矛盾。
Therefore, the presence of livestock during the hail plague is not a contradiction.
第二重点：神掌管法老，也借法老彰显自己的荣耀
Point 2: God Is Sovereign over Pharaoh and Displays His Glory
这是本章神学上最重要的一段。
This is probably the most important theological passage in the chapter.
出埃及记 9:13–16
Exodus 9:13–16
耶和华对摩西说：“你清早起来，站在法老面前，对他说：‘耶和华希伯来人的神这样说：容我的百姓去，好事奉我。因为这一次我要叫一切的灾殃临到你和你臣仆并你百姓的身上，叫你知道在普天下没有像我的。若我伸手用瘟疫攻击你和你的百姓，你早就从地上除灭了。其实，我叫你存立，是特要向你显我的大能，并要使我的名传遍天下。’”
注意第16节。
Notice verse 16.
“其实，我叫你存立，是特要向你显我的大能，并要使我的名传遍天下。”
“I have allowed you to remain so that I may show you my power and so that my name may be proclaimed throughout the earth.”
这句话后来被保罗直接用来解释神的主权。
Paul later uses this verse when explaining God's sovereignty.
罗马书 9:17–18
Romans 9:17–18
因为经上有话向法老说：“我将你兴起来，特要在你身上彰显我的权能，并要使我的名传遍天下。”如此看来，神要怜悯谁就怜悯谁，要叫谁刚硬就叫谁刚硬。
改革宗角度
Reformed View
这里非常清楚地显明神的主权。
This passage clearly shows God's sovereignty.
法老不是神无法控制的敌人。
Pharaoh is not an enemy whom God cannot control.
甚至法老的抵挡最终也在神的主权之下。
Even Pharaoh's resistance is ultimately under God's sovereignty.
但是这并不意味着法老没有责任。
But this does not mean Pharaoh has no responsibility.
法老刚硬自己的心。
Pharaoh hardened his own heart.
同时：
At the same time:
神使法老的心刚硬。
God hardened Pharaoh's heart.
这两件事在圣经中同时成立。
Both truths are taught in Scripture.
神是绝对主权的。
God is absolutely sovereign.
人也要为自己的罪负责。
Man is also responsible for his own sin.
第三重点：真正的悔改，不只是害怕审判
Point 3: True Repentance Is More Than Fear of Judgment
神在冰雹降下以前先发出警告。
God gives a warning before the hail falls.
出埃及记 9:18–21
Exodus 9:18–21
到明天约在这时候，我必叫重大的冰雹降下，自从埃及开国以来，没有这样的冰雹。现在你要打发人把你的牲畜和你田间一切所有的催进来；凡在田间不收回家的，无论是人是牲畜，冰雹必降在他们身上，他们就必死。法老的臣仆中，惧怕耶和华这话的，便叫他的奴仆和牲畜跑进家来；但那不把耶和华这话放在心上的，就将他的奴仆和牲畜留在田里。
即使是在审判埃及的时候，神仍然先发出警告。
Even while judging Egypt, God first gives a warning.
一些埃及人开始惧怕耶和华的话。
Some Egyptians begin to fear the word of the LORD.
相信神的话，就会按照神的话行动。
If we believe God's word, we will act according to God's word.
法老也说：“我犯罪了”
Pharaoh Also Says, “I Have Sinned”
出埃及记 9:27–28
Exodus 9:27–28
法老打发人召摩西、亚伦来，对他们说：“这一次我犯了罪了。耶和华是公义的，我和我的百姓是邪恶的。这雷轰和冰雹已经够了。请你们求耶和华，我就容你们去，不再留住你们。”
这听起来非常像悔改。
This sounds very much like repentance.
可是摩西知道问题在哪里。
But Moses knew where the problem was.
出埃及记 9:30
Exodus 9:30
至于你和你的臣仆，我知道你们还是不惧怕耶和华神。
But I know that you and your officials still do not truly fear the LORD God.
出埃及记 9:34–35
Exodus 9:34–35
法老见雨和雹与雷止住，就越发犯罪；他和他的臣仆都硬着心。法老的心刚硬，不容以色列人去，正如耶和华藉着摩西所说的。
所以：
Therefore:
害怕罪的后果，不等于恨恶罪本身。
Being afraid of the consequences of sin is not the same as hating sin itself.
法老真正想要的是“让冰雹停下来”，而不是“我要归向神、敬畏神、顺服神”。
What Pharaoh really wanted was “Make the hail stop,” not “I want to turn to God, fear God, and obey God.”
福音连接
Gospel Connection
出埃及记第9章不断出现一个模式：
Exodus 9 repeatedly shows us a pattern:
神警告 → 人不信 → 审判来到。
God warns → man refuses to believe → judgment comes.
但相信神话语的人采取行动，就逃过冰雹。
But those who believe God's warning act on it and escape the hail.
到了出埃及记第12章，这个模式会更加清楚。
In Exodus 12, this pattern becomes even clearer.
神宣告死亡的审判，同时提供羔羊和血作为逃避审判的方法。
God announces the judgment of death, while also providing the lamb and its blood as the way of escape.
最后这一切都指向基督。
Ultimately, all of this points to Christ.
审判是真实的，但神也亲自预备了救恩。
Judgment is real, but God Himself also provides salvation.
④ 一个家庭应用问题 — 5分钟
④ One Family Application Question — 5 Minutes
法老说“我犯罪了”，但灾难一过去，他又刚硬自己的心。我们怎样分辨自己是真正悔改，还是只因为犯罪带来的痛苦而暂时后悔？
Pharaoh said, “I have sinned,” but when the trouble ended, he hardened his heart again. How can we know whether our repentance is real, or whether we are only sorry because sin has brought painful consequences?
例如发脾气以后，我们到底是因为事情闹大了而后悔，还是因为知道自己得罪了神而悔改？
For example, after losing our temper, are we sorry only because it caused trouble, or do we repent because we know we sinned against God?
⑤ 家庭祷告 — 5–10分钟
⑤ Family Prayer — 5–10 Minutes
第一，感谢神是掌管万有的主。
First, thank God that He is sovereign over all things.
第二，求神不要让我们像法老一样，明明听见神的话，却一次次刚硬自己的心。
Second, ask God not to let us be like Pharaoh, hearing God's word again and again while hardening our hearts.
第三，求圣灵赐给我们真正的悔改，不只是害怕犯罪的后果，而是真正恨恶罪、归向基督。
Third, ask the Holy Spirit to give us true repentance—not merely fear of sin's consequences, but a true hatred of sin and a turning to Christ.
祷告
Prayer
天父，我们感谢你，因为你是全地的主。
Heavenly Father, we thank You because You are Lord over all the earth.
没有任何人、任何国家、任何权势在你的主权之外。
No person, nation, or power is outside Your sovereign rule.
求你赦免我们，因为我们也常常像法老一样，在困难的时候呼求你，困难过去以后却又忘记你。
Please forgive us, because we are often like Pharaoh. We call on You in trouble, but when the trouble is gone, we forget You again.
求圣灵赐给我们真正悔改的心，使我们敬畏你的话，也顺服你的话。
Please give us true repentance through the Holy Spirit, so that we may fear Your Word and obey Your Word.
也感谢你为我们预备了真正的救恩，就是耶稣基督。
We also thank You for providing true salvation for us in Jesus Christ.
奉主耶稣基督的名祷告，阿们。
In the name of Jesus Christ we pray, Amen.